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Failure Analysis and Prevention Methods of Roller Bearings

by:JNSN     2022-12-04
The exfoliation at the one-side limit position of the trench is mainly manifested in the severe exfoliation ring at the junction of the trench and the rib. The cause is that the bearing is not installed in place or the sudden axial overload during operation. The countermeasures taken are to ensure that the bearing is installed in place or change the outer ring fit of the free side bearing to a clearance fit, in order to compensate the bearing when the bearing is overloaded. If the installation cannot be ensured, the direct contact of the bearing can be reduced by increasing the thickness of the oil film of the lubricant (increasing the viscosity of the lubricant), or reducing the load of the bearing. The channel is peeled off at a symmetrical position in the circumferential direction. The peeling off at the symmetrical position is manifested as the peeling off of the surrounding ring band in the inner ring, while the outer ring is peeled off in the circumferential symmetrical position (ie the short axis direction of the ellipse), mainly because the ellipse of the outer ring is too large or the outer ring is peeled off. Two-half split housing hole structure, which is particularly evident in motorcycle camshaft bearings. When the bearing is pressed into the housing hole with larger ellipse or the two halves of the separate housing are fastened, the outer ring of the bearing produces an ellipse, and the clearance in the short axis direction is significantly reduced or even negative. Under the action of load, the inner ring rotates to produce circumferential peeling marks, and the outer ring only produces peeling marks at the symmetrical position in the short axis direction. This is the main reason for the early failure of the bearing. The inspection of the failed parts of the bearing shows that the roundness of the outer diameter of the bearing has changed from 0.8um controlled by the original process to 27um. This value is much larger than the radial clearance value. Therefore, it is certain that the bearing is working under severe deformation and negative clearance, and the working surface is prone to abnormal sharp wear and spalling at an early stage. The countermeasures taken are to improve the machining accuracy of the casing hole or not to adopt the structure of separating the two halves of the casing hole as much as possible. There is an inclined peeling ring on the working surface of the bearing, which indicates that the bearing is working in an inclined state. When the inclination angle reaches or exceeds the critical state, abnormal sharp wear and peeling are easily formed in the early stage. The reasons are mainly due to poor installation, deflection of the shaft, and low accuracy of the journal and housing holes. Countermeasures are taken to ensure the bearing installation quality and improve the shaft shoulder, the axial runout accuracy of the hole shoulder, or increase the viscosity of the lubricating oil to obtain a thicker lubricating oil film. Ferrule fracture failure is relatively rare, usually caused by sudden overload. The causes are more complicated, such as raw material defects of bearings (bubble shrinkage), forging defects (overburning), heat treatment defects (overheating), machining defects (local burns or surface microcracks), host defects (poor installation, poor lubrication, instantaneous overload) etc. Overload shock load or severe vibration may cause the ferrule to break. The countermeasures taken are to avoid overload shock loads, select appropriate interference, improve installation accuracy, improve operating conditions and strengthen quality control in the bearing manufacturing process. Cage fracture is an occasional abnormal failure mode. The main reasons for this are the following five aspects: a. The abnormal load of the cage, such as improper installation, inclination, and excessive interference, can easily reduce the clearance, aggravate friction and heat generation, soften the surface, and cause abnormal peeling prematurely. As the spalling expands, the spalled foreign matter enters the cage pocket, which causes the cage to block and generate additional load, which aggravates the wear of the cage. Such a deteriorated cyclic action may cause the cage to break. b. Poor lubrication Poor lubrication mainly means that the bearing is running in a state of lean oil, which is easy to form adhesive wear, which deteriorates the working surface condition. fracture. c. Intrusion of foreign bodies The invasion of foreign bodies is a common mode of cage fracture failure. Due to the intrusion of foreign hard foreign matter, the wear of the cage is aggravated and abnormal additional load is generated, which may also cause the cage to break. d. Creep phenomenon Creep phenomenon is also one of the reasons for the fracture of the cage. The sliding phenomenon of the so-called creep multi-finger ferrule, when the interference of the mating surface is insufficient, the load point moves to the peripheral direction due to sliding, resulting in the phenomenon that the ferrule is deviated in the circumferential direction relative to the shaft or housing. Once creep occurs, the mating surface wears significantly, and the wear powder may enter the inside of the bearing, resulting in abnormal wear—raceway spalling—the process of cage wear and additional load, which may cause the cage to break. e. Cage material defects Cage material defects (such as cracks, large foreign metal inclusions, shrinkage holes, air bubbles) and riveting defects (missing nails, pad nails or gaps between the two half cage joint surfaces, serious riveting), etc. may cause the cage to break. Countermeasures are taken to strictly control the manufacturing process. The so-called jamming is the surface damage caused by the aggregation of micro-burns in the parts where the sliding surface is damaged. Linear scars on the circumference of the sliding surface and rolling surface. Trochoidal flaws on the roller end face and jamming on the collar face close to the roller end face. The main causes of jamming are: excessive load, excessive preload, poor lubrication, biting of foreign objects, inclination of the inner ring and outer ring,Deflection of the shaft, poor accuracy of the shaft and bearing housing, etc. Wear failure can be solved by proper preloading, improving lubricants and lubrication methods, and improving the accuracy of shafts and bearing boxes. It refers to the failure caused by the relative sliding friction between the surfaces that causes the continuous wear of the metal on the working surface. The main factors that cause wear failure are lubricant failure or lack of lubricant, incorrect lubrication method, abrasive particles entering the bearing, and excessive load.
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