Why can general cylindrical roller bearings only bear radial load? Bearing load analysis

Why can cylindrical roller bearings only bear radial loads? Cylindrical roller bearings are generally only used to bear radial loads. Only when single-row bearings with ribs on both the inner and outer rings can bear a small directional axial load or a relatively low load. Large clearance axial load. What is bearing load? Bearing load is the load that the bearing is subjected to during use, including lateral load and longitudinal load. Bearing radial load and axial load Radial load refers to the load acting perpendicular to the bearing axis. The axial load refers to the direction of the axis bai line along the shaft, and the radial direction perpendicular to it is the radial direction of the shaft along the shaft. Therefore, the axial load of the bearing refers to the load generated in the direction of the bearing axis. In layman's terms, it is the force that pushes the inner ring of the bearing out of the outer ring. The relationship between the bearing and the load direction: Under normal circumstances, for the use requirements of pure radial load, deep groove ball bearings or cylindrical roller bearings can be selected. And if it is a thrust ball bearing, then it is only suitable for bearing a moderate amount of pure axial load. And the one-way thrust ball bearing can only bear the bearing load from one direction. If it is a two-way thrust ball bearing or a two-way thrust angular contact bearing, it can withstand axial loads in both directions. For example, if the bearing is subjected to combined radial and axial loads, angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings are usually used. And if it is a four-point contact ball bearing and a two-way thrust angular contact ball bearing, it can bear the combined load of the bearing can load in both directions. However, if the bearing load in the combined load is relatively large, then the thrust bearing is only used to bear the axial load, and has nothing to do with the radial load. If a suitable single-row radial ball bearing or a four-point contact ball bearing is used to bear the axial load, the appropriate radial clearance should be maintained between the outer ring and the seat hole. Overturning moments may arise if the load acts off-center of the bearing. According to stainless steel bearing manufacturers, double-row ball bearings can withstand overturning moments, but it is recommended that you use matching angular contact balls or matching tapered roller bearings, which can be face-to-face, and back-to-back is better. Of course, crossed tapered roller bearings can also be selected. The relationship between bearing fit and load type 1. Basis for selecting fit According to the rotation of the load acting on the special bearing relative to the ferrule, there are three types of loads on the ferrule: local load, cyclic load, and swing load. Usually, the cyclic load (rotation load) and the swing load use a tight fit; except for special requirements for local loads, it is generally not suitable to use a tight fit. When the bearing ring is subjected to a dynamic load and is a heavy load, the inner and outer rings should adopt an interference fit, but sometimes the outer ring can be slightly loose, and it should be able to move axially in the bearing housing housing hole; when When the bearing ring is subjected to oscillating loads and the load is light, a slightly looser fit than a tight fit can be used. 2. Selection of cooperation: the cooperation between the bearing and the shaft adopts the base hole system, and the cooperation with the shell adopts the base shaft system. The fit between the bearing and the shaft is different from the tolerance fit system used in the machine manufacturing industry. The tolerance zone of the inner diameter of the bearing is mostly below the change. Therefore, under the conditions of the same fit, the fit ratio of the inner diameter of the bearing and the shaft is usually tighter. . Although the tolerance zone of the outer diameter of the bearing and the tolerance zone of the base shaft system are both below the zero line, their values ​​are different from the general tolerance system. Selection of tolerance zones for shafts and housing bores when various types of bearings are installed. Bearings with different tolerance classes fit with shafts and housings, or bearing samples. Therefore, when choosing a fit, the first thing to consider is the type of load the ferrule will carry. Generally, there are three types of load bearing on the ring: 1) The synthetic radial load acting on the ring by the fixed load is borne by the local area of ​​the ring raceway and transmitted to the relative area of ​​the shaft or bearing seat, Such loads are called fixed loads. The fixed load is characterized by the resultant radial load vector being relatively stationary with respect to the ferrule. A fixed load is defined as neither the ferrule nor the resultant radial load rotating or rotating at the same speed. A looser fit may be used for ferrules bearing a fixed load. 2) Rotation load The synthetic radial load acting on the ferrule rotates in the circumferential direction of the raceway and is borne by each part in turn. This load is called rotation load. Rotational loads are characterized by the resultant radial load vector rotating relative to the ferrule. The rotating load has the following three situations: a, the load direction is fixed, and the ferrule rotates; b, the load vector rotates, and the ferrule is stationary; c, the load vector and the ferrule rotate at different speeds. 3) Sometimes the direction and size of the load cannot be accurately determined for swing load and unsteady load. For example, in high-speed rotating machinery, in addition to the load with the fixed direction of the rotor weight, there is also the rotating load caused by the unbalanced mass. If This rotating load is much larger than the fixed load,The resultant load is still the rotational load; and if the rotational load is much smaller than the fixed load, the resultant load is the swing load. Both rotational and oscillating loads are constantly changing in magnitude and direction.

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