The TORQUE-SET method sets tapered roller bearing clearance based on the following principle: the torque in the preloaded bearing increases directly with the increase of the applied preload, the former is a function of the latter (usually measured by the size preload ). Laboratory tests show that the torque change of the new bearing is very small, and the bearing torque can be effectively used to predict/measure the dimensional preload clearance. The load pre-test is required to determine this relationship between preload and torque (Figure 14). After measuring the initial torque of the bearing, the required bearing clearance can be achieved by adding or subtracting shims, either the axial clearance or the preload. The gasket table is generally used to help select the final gasket set for each unit (Figure 15).　The steps required to implement the TORQUE-SET method are summarized as follows: 1. Use the reference (constant thickness) gasket set to assemble the equipment and ensure that the system is pre-tensioned (16). Note: The bearing preload results produced by each assembly are actually not the same, depending on the cumulative tolerance of each component. 2. Measure the torque of the bearing (Figure 17). 3. Select the final gasket group thickness according to the pre-drawn gasket table (Figure 15). 4. Install the final gasket set, install all bolts, and complete the assembly (Figure 18). Bearing torque is affected by speed and lubricant used. In any application using the TORQUESET method, the lubricant and speed should remain unchanged. The most common method of measuring bearing torque is to use a torque wrench. Sometimes a sleeve that fits the size of the shaft end nut can be used, if not, a special adapter that fits the size of the shaft end can be made. If the bearing seat can be rotated, a torque wrench can be adapted to the bearing seat to measure the torque. If you cannot use a torque wrench, you can use a spring balance to measure the bearing torque. Wrap the rope on a gear or wheel, and use a spring balance to record the pulling force required to keep the component rotating. Torque calculation method: multiply the pulling force by the radius of the gear or wheel that wraps the rope. If there is a gasket table, then this step can be omitted. The gasket table indicates the size of the gasket group corresponding to the tensile force. In the process of measuring bearing torque, while maintaining smooth rotation, let the shaft rotate as slowly as possible. Special precautions for the TORQUE-SET method: 1. Must be able to measure torque. The design must be easy to measure the torque of the bearing. If seals, piston rings and other components contribute to the torque, these torque values u200bu200bmust be identified and separated from the bearing torque. For example, in the case of axial clearance, record the drag torque of the shaft and seal; in the case of preload, add the required bearing torque. 2. Is it possible to reset the tightly fitting parts. When a tight-fitting component is used for bearing adjustment, it is necessary to try to reset or back pressure the component after applying the TORQUE-SET load and determining the final gasket set. 3. The rotating torque of the bearing is affected by the speed and the lubricant used. These must remain constant between the measurement units. The most common method of measuring the turning torque is to use a torque wrench. In the process of measuring torque, while maintaining smooth rotation, rotate the shaft as slowly as possible (approximately 3.5 revolutions per minute). 4. If the load is unbalanced (for example, caused by heavier parts, clutch plates or caliper brakes), the TORQUE-SET method cannot be used. This will cause the torque to change during rotation. 5. For field operations, the TORQUE-SET method cannot be applied to bearings that have been run before (such as run-in). A new set of bearings or alternative methods must be used. Typical TORQUE-SET application The TORQUE-SET method has been successfully applied to various industries and automobiles. Typical applications include drive gear shafts, differential shafts, transmission shafts and gearbox shafts. The advantages of the TORQUE-SET method usually do not require special fixtures or other tools. All that is needed is a torque wrench or a simple spring balance, without measuring the shim gap. The purpose of replacing the gasket set is only to obtain the correct clearance. This method is particularly practical for equipment that is not feasible or very difficult in practice by manual methods. However, it is not practical for very large equipment. The TORQUE-SET method can be used for on-site operations when installing new bearings.